precampaign

Precampaign refers to the period before an official campaign begins in which a candidate or political party prepares to contest an upcoming election. It encompasses planning, fundraising, and organizational development aimed at establishing viability, building infrastructure, and shaping the candidate's public profile. Practices during precampaign vary by country and electoral system, but it commonly precedes formal announcements of candidacy or entry into the race.

During precampaign, individuals may form exploratory committees or similar entities to gauge support and test fundraising capabilities. They may hire staff, establish campaign infrastructure, and begin policy development and messaging work. Polling, focus groups, and digital outreach are used to assess voter sentiment and identify issues that resonate. Early endorsements and donor cultivation are pursued to create an initial base of support. Some candidates begin early fundraising from individuals and committees, while others avoid formal fundraising until an official campaign is declared.

Legal and regulatory oversight affects precampaign activity; in the United States, exploratory committees are used to raise money within legal limits and to file disclosures, though rules vary by jurisdiction. Because precampaign is not a formal campaign, it may receive scrutiny over transparency and potential influence on voters before a campaign begins.

The strategic purpose of precampaign is to test viability, build organizational capacity, and amass resources and recognition that can improve the odds of success once an official campaign starts. Critics argue it can generate unnecessary hype or fundraising pressures, while supporters view it as essential planning.