potentiaalifunktiota
Potentiaalifunktiota, or potential function, is a scalar field used to describe potential energy and conservative forces in physics, as well as mathematical constructs in potential theory. In physics, a potential function V(x) is defined so that the force F acting on a particle is the negative gradient of the potential: F = -∇V. The potential energy is determined up to an additive constant, since only differences in potential matter for work. In electrostatics and gravity, the electric or gravitational field is related to a potential Φ by E = -∇Φ, and, in regions with charge or mass, the potential satisfies Poisson’s equation ∇^2Φ = -ρ/ε0 (or its gravitational analog).
In mathematics, a potential function for a vector field F is a scalar function φ such that F
Applications of potential functions span physics, engineering, chemistry, and mathematics, including energy landscapes in optimization, electrostatics,