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Polytheism, also known as polytheisticism, is the belief in and worship of multiple deities. This belief system is found in various cultures and religions throughout history. In polytheistic religions, each deity is often associated with a specific aspect of nature, human life, or the universe. For example, in ancient Greek mythology, Zeus was the king of the gods, while Athena was the goddess of wisdom and war.

Polytheism is distinct from monotheism, which is the belief in a single deity, and henotheism, which is the belief in multiple deities but with one deity being supreme. Polytheistic beliefs can be found in many ancient religions, such as Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Norse mythology. They can also be found in some modern religions, such as Wicca and certain forms of Hinduism.

Polytheistic beliefs often involve rituals and ceremonies to honor and communicate with the deities. These rituals can include sacrifices, offerings, and prayers. Polytheistic beliefs can also involve the belief in a complex system of rules and laws that govern the interactions between the deities and the human world.

Polytheism is a complex and diverse belief system, with many variations and interpretations. However, it is a significant aspect of human history and culture, and it continues to influence many modern religions and beliefs.