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Polytheism is the belief in and worship of multiple deities. It is one of the oldest and most widespread forms of religious belief, found in many cultures throughout history. In polytheistic religions, each deity is often associated with a specific aspect of nature, human life, or the cosmos. For example, in ancient Greek religion, Zeus was the king of the gods, while Athena was the goddess of wisdom and war.

Polytheism can be contrasted with monotheism, which is the belief in a single deity, and henotheism, which is the belief in a single deity while acknowledging the existence of other deities. Polytheism can also be contrasted with animism, which is the belief that all objects and natural phenomena have a spiritual essence.

Polytheistic religions often involve complex rituals and ceremonies, as well as elaborate mythologies that explain the origins of the world and the role of the deities. These myths often involve stories of creation, the struggle between good and evil, and the triumph of the gods over their enemies.

Polytheism has been practiced in many different cultures around the world, including ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt, and many indigenous cultures. It continues to be practiced today in some forms, such as in certain forms of Hinduism and in some Native American religions.

Polytheism is often associated with the idea of balance and harmony in the natural world. In many polytheistic religions, the deities are seen as interdependent and interrelated, and their actions and interactions are seen as reflecting the natural order of the universe. This view of the world is often contrasted with the more individualistic and competitive views of the world found in monotheistic religions.