pointtomultipoint

Point-to-multipoint (PtMP) is a network topology where a single central node, such as a hub or base station, communicates with multiple remote nodes. The central node manages access and traffic coordination, while remote nodes connect to it for both upstream and downstream data. Remote nodes typically do not have direct links to each other. PtMP is contrasted with point-to-point (PtP), in which two nodes are connected by a dedicated link.

PtMP is common in wireless access networks and fiber optics. In wireless PtMP, the hub schedules transmissions to multiple terminals, often using TDMA or OFDMA, allowing many subscribers to share the same medium. In fiber networks, PtMP describes passive optical networks (PON), where one fiber from the provider is split to many end users using optical splitters; GPON and EPON are common standards. The topology scales by adding remote nodes rather than new point-to-point links.

Advantages of PtMP include lower equipment cost and easier scalability for serving many users from a single hub. Disadvantages include shared bandwidth per hub, potential contention, and increased scheduling complexity as more nodes are added. The choice between PtMP and PtP depends on reach, required bandwidth, and deployment economics.