plateletrefrakteritás

Platelet refractoriness, also known as platelet resistance or poor platelet response, refers to a condition where individuals receiving platelet transfusions do not achieve the expected increase in their platelet count or experience a significantly shorter survival of transfused platelets. This can lead to continued bleeding or a higher risk of hemorrhage despite adequate transfusion.

The causes of platelet refractoriness are broadly categorized into immune and non-immune factors. Immune refractoriness is the most common cause and is primarily due to the development of antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) on the transfused platelets. These antibodies can be acquired through previous transfusions, pregnancies, or organ transplants. Other immune mechanisms include the presence of platelet-specific antibodies. Non-immune refractoriness can be attributed to factors such as infection, fever, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), splenomegaly, or certain medications that interfere with platelet function or survival.

Diagnosing platelet refractoriness typically involves assessing the post-transfusion increment in platelet count and platelet survival studies. Treatment strategies focus on identifying and mitigating the underlying cause. For immune refractoriness, options include using HLA-matched platelets, performing apheresis to obtain more compatible platelets, or administering intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In cases of non-immune refractoriness, addressing the associated medical condition is crucial. Prophylactic measures for individuals at risk of developing refractoriness include minimizing unnecessary platelet transfusions and considering alternative therapies when appropriate.