plastination

Plastination is a technique for preserving biological tissue by replacing moisture with curable polymers, producing dry, odorless, durable specimens that can be studied and displayed.

The process typically involves fixation in formalin to halt decay, followed by dehydration with acetone, forced impregnation with a polymer under vacuum, and curing to solidify the polymer. The steps are conducted at low temperatures to minimize distortion and preserve structural detail.

Common variants include silicone plastination (S10), which yields flexible specimens; epoxy resin plastination, which produces rigid blocks suitable for detailed anatomy; and polyester resin plastination. The choice of polymer affects texture, color, rigidity, and durability, and different methods are selected for different educational goals.

Developed by Gunther von Hagens in the 1970s, plastination gained wide public attention with Body Worlds exhibitions starting in the 1990s. It is used for medical and veterinary education, research, and museum displays, providing a hands-on way to study anatomy without the drawbacks of traditional preservation.

Advantages include preserved gross morphology, reduced odor, and long shelf life, with specimens that can be handled and examined. Limitations include potential tissue distortion or shrinkage, color changes, and ethical and regulatory considerations surrounding donor consent, as well as the need for specialized facilities and handling.