plasminógeno

Plasminogen is a protein found in blood plasma that plays a crucial role in the breakdown of blood clots. It is synthesized in the liver and circulates in the bloodstream as an inactive precursor. Plasminogen is converted to its active form, plasmin, by enzymes called plasminogen activators. The most important of these activators in the body is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Once activated, plasmin is a protease that degrades fibrin, the main protein component of blood clots. This process, known as fibrinolysis, is essential for maintaining blood flow and preventing excessive clot formation. The activity of plasminogen and plasmin is tightly regulated by inhibitors, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), to ensure that clot breakdown occurs only when and where it is needed. Genetic deficiencies in plasminogen can lead to impaired wound healing and an increased tendency for blood clots to form. Conversely, overactivity of the plasminogen system can result in excessive bleeding. Recombinant tPA is widely used in medicine to treat conditions such as ischemic stroke and heart attack by dissolving dangerous blood clots.