pinsandneedles

Pins and needles, also known medically as paresthesia, describes tingling, numbness, or a prickling sensation in the skin. It is a common, usually transient experience that most often affects the arms, legs, hands, or feet. The sensation often arises from temporary nerve compression or restricted blood flow, such as when sitting with crossed legs, sleeping on an arm, or wearing tight footwear. When the pressure is relieved, the sensation typically fades within seconds to minutes.

In some cases, persistent or recurrent pins and needles indicate an underlying condition involving nerve damage or irritation. Causes include diabetes mellitus with neuropathy, vitamin deficiencies (notably B12), alcohol excess, exposure to toxins, autoimmune disorders, kidney or liver disease, thyroid problems, and certain medications such as chemotherapy agents. Local nerve compression or radiculopathy from herniated discs, carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve entrapment, or sciatica can produce focal paresthesias.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination; blood tests may assess glucose control, vitamin levels, kidney and liver function, and thyroid status. Imaging or nerve conduction studies are used when symptoms persist or progress.

Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include removing external pressure, improving glucose control, correcting deficiencies, or adjusting medications. Most temporary pins and needles resolve on their own; persistent or recurrent symptoms warrant medical evaluation to exclude serious conditions.