pharmacorésistante

Pharmacoresistance, also known as drug resistance, is the ability of a pathogen, cancer cell, or microorganism to withstand the effects of a drug or treatment that was previously effective. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge in medicine, as it can lead to treatment failures, prolonged illness, and increased mortality.

In the context of infectious diseases, pharmacoresistance most commonly refers to antibiotic resistance, where bacteria evolve mechanisms to survive exposure to antibiotics. This can occur through genetic mutations that alter the drug's target, enable the bacteria to inactivate the drug, or reduce its uptake. Similarly, antiviral and antifungal resistance can develop, rendering treatments for viral and fungal infections less effective.

Cancer cells can also develop drug resistance, a process known as multidrug resistance. This can be a major obstacle in chemotherapy, where cancer cells become less sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer drugs. Resistance mechanisms in cancer are diverse and can involve changes in drug transport, metabolism, or cellular repair pathways.

The development and spread of pharmacoresistance are influenced by various factors, including the overuse and misuse of drugs, inadequate treatment regimens, and poor infection control practices. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of resistance is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies, optimizing existing treatments, and implementing effective public health measures to combat this growing global health threat.