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Pharmaceutical refers to the field concerned with the discovery, development, manufacturing, and marketing of drugs. These drugs, also known as medicines or pharmaceuticals, are used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease. The pharmaceutical industry is a major global enterprise with a significant impact on public health and the economy.

The process of bringing a new drug to market is lengthy and expensive. It typically begins with basic research to identify potential therapeutic targets and compounds. This is followed by preclinical testing, where the drug is tested in laboratory settings and on animals. If successful, the drug then enters clinical trials in humans, which are divided into several phases to assess safety, efficacy, and optimal dosage. Regulatory agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, review the data from these trials before approving a drug for public use.

Pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in research and development (R&D) to discover novel treatments. This can involve chemical synthesis, biotechnology, and genetic engineering. Once a drug is approved, it is manufactured on a large scale and distributed to pharmacies, hospitals, and other healthcare providers. The marketing of pharmaceuticals is also a significant aspect of the industry, involving educating healthcare professionals and patients about the benefits and risks of different medications. Ethical considerations and regulatory compliance are paramount throughout the entire pharmaceutical lifecycle.