perusteiset

Perusteiset is a Finnish adjective meaning fundamental, basic, or foundational. It is used to describe elements, concepts, or structures that form a basis or essential part of something. The form perusteiset appears when the adjective modifies a plural noun in the nominative or other cases that require plural agreement.

Etymology and form: perusteiset is derived from the noun perusta, meaning foundation or basis, combined with an adjectival suffix. In Finnish, adjectives inflect for number and case, so perusteiset is the plural form used with plural nouns. The related singular form is perusteinen, while more common synonyms for similar senses include perustavanlaatuinen or perus-, depending on context.

Usage and nuance: perusteiset often emphasizes the foundational or essential nature of information, rules, or elements within a system, argument, or analysis. It tends to appear in more formal or technical writing, such as academic texts, legal or policy documents, and thorough explanations. In everyday language, speakers may opt for closer general terms like perus-, perustavanlaatuinen, or olennaiset, depending on nuance and register.

Examples:

- perusteiset tiedot (the basic information)

- perusteiset vaatimukset (the fundamental requirements)

- perusteiset säännöt (the foundational rules)

Related terms: perusta (foundation), peruste (basis), perusteellisesti (thoroughly), perusoikeudet (fundamental rights). The prefix perus- is often used for more everyday or broad notions of basic, whereas perusteinen/ perusteiset carries a sense of foundational depth and formality.

See also: linguistic discussion of Finnish adjectives and set phrases that express essential or foundational aspects.