peroxísómum

Peroxisómum is a small, membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. These organelles contain a variety of enzymes, most notably those involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances. One of the key functions of peroxisomes is the production of hydrogen peroxide during metabolic processes, which is then immediately broken down into water and oxygen by the enzyme catalase, also housed within the peroxisome. This process is crucial for preventing cellular damage.

Peroxisomes play a significant role in cellular metabolism. They are involved in the synthesis of certain lipids, including plasmalogens, which are important components of cell membranes, particularly in the nervous system. Additionally, peroxisomes are responsible for the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids through a process called beta-oxidation. This pathway generates energy for the cell and is essential for the metabolism of dietary fats.

The formation of peroxisomes is a complex process involving both the endoplasmic reticulum and pre-existing peroxisomes. They can also arise de novo. Defects in peroxisomal function are associated with a range of genetic disorders, collectively known as peroxisome biogenesis disorders, which can have severe neurological and developmental consequences. The precise mechanisms of peroxisome division and inheritance are still areas of active research.