peritoneumas

Peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs. It is a thin, transparent, and continuous sac composed of two layers: the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs themselves. The space between these two layers is called the peritoneal cavity, which in females contains the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and in males is a potential space. The peritoneum is rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, and it plays a crucial role in the lubrication and protection of abdominal organs, as well as in immune responses and fluid balance.

The peritoneum is folded and reflected in various ways to support the organs, forming structures like the mesentery, which attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, and the omentum, a fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach. These folds contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that supply the organs. Inflammation of the peritoneum is known as peritonitis, a serious condition that can be caused by infection, trauma, or other medical conditions. Peritonitis requires prompt medical attention, as it can lead to severe complications if left untreated. The peritoneum also plays a role in dialysis, where it acts as a natural filter for the blood in patients with kidney failure.