parallelisme

Parallelisme, or parallelism, is a cross-disciplinary term describing the use or presence of parallel structures, lines, or processes that run alongside one another without crossing. In language and literature, it refers to the repetition of similar grammatical patterns in successive clauses or phrases to create balance, rhythm, and emphasis. In mathematics and geometry, parallelism denotes lines that never meet because they lie in the same direction and stay a constant distance apart. In computing and information technology, parallelism describes the execution of multiple tasks simultaneously to improve speed and efficiency.

In rhetoric and prose, parallelism is a key device for clarity and persuasion. It often involves matching parts of speech, tenses, or syntactic forms within related ideas. Examples include lists, paired clauses, and correlative constructions. Effective parallelism can enhance memory, provide rhythm, and underscore relationships between ideas. It is common in biblical, classical, and modern writing, and is frequently used in speeches, essays, and poetry.

In computing, parallelism encompasses data parallelism, where the same operation is performed on multiple data points concurrently, and task parallelism, where different tasks run at the same time. Parallel architectures, such as multi-core processors and graphics processing units (GPUs), aim to reduce execution time and increase throughput. Challenges include managing synchronization, data dependency, and communication overhead, as well as Amdahl’s law, which bounds potential speedup.

In geometry and design, parallelism describes entities that share the same direction and never intersect, such as parallel lines or parallel axes in layouts and architectural plans. It contributes to visual harmony and structural clarity.

See also: parallel processing, parallel construction, parallel lines, symmetry.