parakrinními

Parakrinními is a term used in biology to describe a type of cellular signaling. It refers to cells releasing signaling molecules that act on nearby cells. This is in contrast to endocrine signaling, where hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach distant target cells, or autocrine signaling, where a cell releases molecules that act on itself. Paracrine signaling involves the diffusion of signaling molecules through the extracellular fluid. These molecules bind to specific receptors on the surface of neighboring cells, triggering a response within those cells. This type of signaling is crucial for a variety of biological processes, including tissue development, wound healing, and immune responses. Examples include the action of growth factors and neurotransmitters. The short range of paracrine signaling allows for precise control of cellular activities within specific microenvironments. The term itself originates from Greek, with "para" meaning "beside" and "krinein" meaning "to secrete."