pabbajj

Pabbajjā, from the Pali term meaning “going forth” or “renunciation,” is the formal act of leaving lay life to enter monastic life in Buddhist traditions. It marks the beginning of a monastic vocation and is typically performed at a temple under the guidance of a senior monk or nun. The rite is part of the broader process of monastic ordination and is related to the Sanskrit term pravrajyā used in some lineages.

In Theravāda contexts, a lay follower who undertakes pabbajjā becomes a samanera, or novice monk, and undertakes the monastic code and eight precepts. The new monk typically receives robes, may shave the head, and begins living within the sangha. Pabbajjā is often a preliminary stage that can be followed by longer-term ordination to become a bhikkhu, after a period of probation or study. In other Buddhist traditions, including some Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna lineages, similar rites exist under the term pravrajya, with variations in vows and practice.

The ceremony and its requirements vary by tradition and locality, but the core idea is a formal renunciation of lay life and family ties in favor of homelessness, discipline, and the pursuit of spiritual awakening. Pabbajjā is regarded as a significant milestone in the Buddhist monastic path, signaling commitment to the monastic code and the monastic community.

See also: Upasampadā, samanera, bhikkhu, Vinaya, pravrajya.