p65p52

p65p52 is a protein complex that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system. It is composed of two proteins, p65 and p52, which are members of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors. The p65p52 complex is formed when p65, also known as RelA, binds to p52, a p100-derived protein. This complex is activated in response to various stimuli, including inflammatory cytokines, bacterial infections, and cellular stress. Once activated, the p65p52 complex translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to specific DNA sequences known as κB sites. This binding allows the complex to regulate the transcription of target genes involved in immune responses, such as those encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. The p65p52 complex is a key mediator of the inflammatory response and is implicated in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and atherosclerosis. Its activation and regulation are tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage.