p14INK4b

p14INK4b, also known as CDKN2B, is a protein-coding gene. This gene produces a protein that is a member of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. These inhibitors play a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle. Specifically, the p14INK4b protein functions by binding to and inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. These kinases are key components in the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle, a critical step for cell division. By inhibiting CDK4 and CDK6, p14INK4b prevents the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), which in turn blocks the cell from entering the S phase and replicating its DNA. This action effectively acts as a brake on cell proliferation.

Dysregulation of p14INK4b has been implicated in various cancers. Loss of function or deletions of the CDKN2B gene can lead to uncontrolled cell growth, a hallmark of cancer. Conversely, its overexpression can contribute to cell cycle arrest. Research indicates that p14INK4b can be epigenetically silenced in certain tumors through DNA methylation, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor. Studies have also explored its involvement in other cellular processes beyond cell cycle control, including apoptosis and differentiation. The intricate mechanisms by which p14INK4b influences cellular behavior continue to be an active area of investigation.