oxidisers

An oxidiser, also known as an oxidizing agent or oxidant, is a substance that causes oxidation in another substance. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion. In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, the oxidiser itself is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. Common oxidisers include oxygen, halogens, and nitrates.

Oxidisers are fundamental to many chemical processes. For instance, combustion, a rapid reaction between a substance with an oxidant, usually oxygen, is responsible for the release of heat and light. In biological systems, oxygen acts as the primary oxidiser in cellular respiration, a process that generates energy for living organisms. Industrially, oxidisers are used in a wide range of applications, such as in the production of chemicals, the bleaching of paper and textiles, and as propellants in rockets and fireworks.

The strength of an oxidiser is determined by its tendency to accept electrons. Stronger oxidisers readily accept electrons and cause more vigorous oxidation. Conversely, weaker oxidisers react more slowly or under specific conditions. The identification and safe handling of oxidisers are crucial due to their reactive nature. Many oxidisers can react violently or explosively with flammable materials, leading to fires or detonations. Proper storage and handling procedures are therefore essential to prevent accidents.