ovarys

The ovaries are a pair of female reproductive glands located in the pelvic region. They are essential for the production of eggs and female sex hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play crucial roles in the development of secondary sexual characteristics, the regulation of the menstrual cycle, and the support of pregnancy.

Each ovary is oval-shaped and measures approximately 2-5 centimeters in length. Within the ovaries are thousands of immature eggs, called oocytes, enclosed in small sacs known as follicles. Typically, one follicle matures each menstrual cycle, releasing a mature egg during ovulation. This released egg can then be fertilized by sperm.

The ovaries are connected to the uterus by the fallopian tubes, which are responsible for transporting the egg to the uterus. If fertilization occurs, the fertilized egg implants in the uterine wall. If fertilization does not occur, the egg passes through the uterus and is shed during menstruation.

During puberty, the ovaries begin to produce hormones that cause the development of breasts, widening of the hips, and the onset of menstruation. Hormonal changes in the ovaries are central to the reproductive cycle throughout a woman's fertile years. Menopause, which typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, marks the end of the ovaries' reproductive function, as they cease to produce eggs and significantly reduce their production of estrogen and progesterone.