ottenuti

Ottenuti is the past participle of ottenere, the Italian verb meaning to obtain, acquire, or achieve. In use it can function as part of compound tenses (ho ottenuto, hai ottenuto, abbiamo ottenuto, ecc.) or as an adjective describing a noun.

As an adjective, ottenuti agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies: ottenuto (masc. sing.), ottenuta (fem. sing.), ottenuti (masc. pl.), ottenute (fem. pl.). The most common form in everyday speech is ottenuti, for masculine plural nouns such as premi ottenuti (awards obtained) or risultati ottenuti (results obtained). The feminine plural ottenute appears with feminine plural nouns, for example conoscenze ottenute (knowledge obtained).

Etymology and related forms: ottenuti derives from Latin obtinēre, formed from ob- “toward” and tenere “to hold,” through the development of Italian ottener e ottenere. Related nouns include ottenimento, meaning “obtainment” or “achievement.”

Usage notes: ottenuti is widely used to denote things that have been achieved or acquired as a result of effort, process, or circumstance. It is distinct from synonyms like guadagnati (earned) or conquistati (conquered) in nuance, with ottenuti emphasizing acquisition or attainment as a result.

Examples: I premi ottenuti dalla squadra sono stati numerosi; I risultati ottenuti dalla ricerca indicano nuove direzioni; Le conoscenze ottenute durante la formazione sono utili per il lavoro. In compound tenses, ottener e uses the auxiliary avere.