osteomalacji

Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease characterized by inadequate or delayed mineralization of osteoid, the organic matrix of bone. This results in soft, weak bones that are prone to fracture. In children, the equivalent condition is known as rickets. The primary cause of osteomalacia is a deficiency in vitamin D, which is essential for calcium and phosphate absorption in the intestines. Other contributing factors can include insufficient dietary intake of calcium or phosphate, certain gastrointestinal disorders that impair nutrient absorption, chronic kidney disease which affects vitamin D metabolism and phosphate excretion, and certain medications that interfere with vitamin D or calcium.

Symptoms of osteomalacia can vary and may include bone pain, particularly in the lower back, pelvis, and legs, muscle weakness, and fatigue. Fractures, often occurring with minimal trauma, are a common and serious complication. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to measure vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate levels, and bone imaging such as X-rays or bone density scans. Sometimes, a bone biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the degree of mineralization.

Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause. This usually involves supplementation with vitamin D and calcium. For individuals with malabsorption issues, higher doses or different forms of vitamin D may be required. Addressing any underlying kidney disease or gastrointestinal problems is also crucial. With appropriate treatment, bone mineralization can be restored, and symptoms can improve, reducing the risk of fractures.