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Osteomalacia is a medical condition characterized by softening of the bones caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. It is often referred to as the adult version of rickets, a similar condition that affects children.

Osteomalacia typically affects adults, although it can occur at any age. The condition is more common in older adults, especially those who have limited sun exposure, follow a vegetarian diet, or have kidney or liver disease. The lack of vitamin D, essential for calcium absorption, leads to the softening of bones.

Symptoms of osteomalacia can range from mild to severe and include pain in the muscles and bones, joint pain and swelling, and curved spine. In severe cases, it can cause fractures, deformities, and difficulty walking. In addition to bone pain, people with osteomalacia may experience tingling or numbness in their hands and feet.

Diagnosis of osteomalacia involves a combination of blood tests, including measurements of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D levels, as well as bone scans and X-rays. Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate through dietary changes or supplements. In some cases, patients may require pain medication or physical therapy to manage their symptoms.

It is essential for individuals at risk of developing osteomalacia to consult their doctor if they experience symptoms or have a family history of the condition. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term complications.