osteochondrální

Osteochondral refers to a combined term describing the relationship between bone and cartilage. It specifically pertains to the layer of articular cartilage that covers the articular surface of a bone. This smooth, white tissue plays a crucial role in enabling frictionless movement within joints.

Osteochondral lesions are injuries that affect both the articular cartilage and the underlying bone. These lesions can occur due to trauma, such as a direct blow to the joint or a severe sprain, or through repetitive stress over time. They are common in weight-bearing joints like the knee, ankle, and hip.

The symptoms of an osteochondral lesion can vary depending on the size and location of the injury. They may include pain, swelling, stiffness, and a sensation of locking or catching in the joint. In some cases, a loose fragment of bone and cartilage may detach and float within the joint space, causing significant discomfort and instability.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans. Treatment approaches are tailored to the individual's condition and may range from conservative measures like rest, physical therapy, and pain management to surgical interventions. Surgical options can include arthroscopic debridement, microfracture, osteochondral autograft transplantation, or allograft transplantation, aiming to repair the damaged cartilage and bone and restore joint function.