orgány

Orgány (organs) are structural and functional units that arise from the coordination of multiple tissue types and carry out a particular physiological task in an organism. They are typically discrete parts with their own blood supply, innervation, and connective tissue framework, and they operate as components of larger organ systems. The concept applies to both animals and plants, though the specific structures and roles differ.

In animals, organs such as the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, stomach, and intestines integrate muscle, epithelial, nerve, and connective tissues. Their tissues are specialized for tasks such as contraction, secretion, absorption, filtration, or signaling. Organs rarely function in isolation; they cooperate within organ systems (circulatory, digestive, respiratory, nervous, endocrine, immune, excretory, reproductive, and musculoskeletal) to sustain homeostasis and coordinate responses to stimuli.

In plants, the main organ groups are roots, stems, leaves, and reproductive organs (flowers and fruits). Plant organs are composed of tissues such as dermal, vascular, and ground tissue and perform roles in absorption and transport of water and minerals, photosynthesis, support, storage, and reproduction. Unlike many animal organs, plant organs often grow continuously and are modulated by environmental conditions.

Organs develop from embryonic tissues during organogenesis, maintain function through regulated physiology, and can be affected by disease or injury. Medical science studies organs for diagnosis, treatment, or transplantation, while comparative anatomy and botany examine organ structure and function across species.