oralregion

The oral region is the anatomical area surrounding the mouth, encompassing both the external features of the lips and the internal components of the oral cavity proper, including the lips, oral mucosa, teeth, tongue, palate, and floor of the mouth.

Anatomical boundaries include anteriorly the lips, laterally the cheeks, superiorly the hard and soft palate and dental arches, and inferiorly the mandible and floor of mouth. The posterior boundary is formed by the opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx, the oropharyngeal isthmus (fauces).

Within the oral region are the labial region (lips), buccal region (cheeks), the vestibule (the space between lips/cheeks and teeth), the teeth and gingiva, the tongue, the hard and soft palate, and the floor of the mouth. The mucosa lining the region varies: keratinized mucosa on the gingiva and hard palate, non-keratinized mucosa over most of the inner lips and cheeks.

Functions include intake and digestion of food, speech, taste, and protection of deeper structures. Salivary glands and ducts contribute to lubrication and digestion. The tongue and lips also play key roles in articulation and expression.

Clinical relevance: the oral region is routinely examined in dentistry and otolaryngology. Common concerns affect the lips and oral mucosa, teeth and gums, and the tongue, including infections, ulcers, inflammatory lesions, dental decay, periodontal disease, and oral cancers. Anatomical variation and pathology in this region can affect mastication, swallowing, and speech.