optokoppling

Optokoppling, also known as optical decoupling, is a technique used in electronics to isolate digital signals between different parts of a circuit. This isolation is achieved using opto-isolators, which are devices that use light to transfer signals from one side to the other. Opto-isolators consist of a light-emitting diode (LED) on one side and a photodiode on the other, with an optical barrier between them. When the LED is activated by a digital signal, it emits light, which is then detected by the photodiode on the other side, converting the light back into an electrical signal.

The primary advantage of optokoppling is its ability to provide electrical isolation between circuits. This isolation is crucial in applications where electrical noise or ground loops could cause interference or damage. Optokoppling is commonly used in industrial control systems, medical equipment, and any application where signal integrity and safety are paramount. It is also used in power electronics to isolate high-voltage circuits from low-voltage control circuits.

However, optokoppling has some limitations. The speed of signal transfer is limited by the response time of the opto-isolator, which can be slower than direct electrical connections. Additionally, opto-isolators can be more expensive and require more space compared to traditional electrical isolators. Despite these limitations, optokoppling remains a valuable technique in modern electronics due to its ability to provide robust isolation and protection.