oligodendrocyytit

Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system (CNS). Their primary function is to produce myelin, a fatty sheath that insulates nerve axons. This insulation is crucial for the rapid and efficient transmission of electrical signals, a process known as saltatory conduction. Each oligodendrocyte can myelinate multiple axons, wrapping segments of them with its cell membrane to form the myelin sheath. Oligodendrocytes are distinct from Schwann cells, which perform a similar myelination function in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

In addition to myelin production, oligodendrocytes also provide metabolic support to axons. They can supply essential nutrients and molecules to the axonal compartments, contributing to the overall health and function of neurons. Damage to oligodendrocytes or the myelin sheath they produce can lead to severe neurological disorders. Conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) involve the autoimmune destruction of myelin in the CNS, resulting in impaired nerve function. Research into oligodendrocytes and their regenerative capabilities is a significant area of study for understanding and treating such diseases. They are essential for the proper functioning of the brain and spinal cord.