oktanové

Oktanové refers to a unit of measurement used to describe the antiknock properties of gasoline. It is a scale that indicates a fuel's resistance to knocking or pinging, which is an uncontrolled combustion of the fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine. The higher the octane rating, the greater the fuel's resistance to knocking.

The octane number is determined through a standardized test in a single-cylinder test engine. Gasoline is compared against a mixture of two reference fuels: isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), which is assigned an octane number of 100, and n-heptane, which is assigned an octane number of 0. A gasoline's octane number is the percentage by volume of isooctane in a mixture of isooctane and n-heptane that has the same antiknock performance as the gasoline being tested.

Different engines require different octane ratings. High-performance engines, particularly those with higher compression ratios or turbochargers, often require higher octane gasoline to prevent knocking. Using a lower octane fuel than recommended can lead to engine damage and reduced performance. In many countries, octane ratings are displayed on fuel pumps, typically as Research Octane Number (RON), Motor Octane Number (MON), or an average of the two (Anti-Knock Index or AKI). While RON and MON are used in different regions, they both serve to inform consumers about the fuel's antiknock quality.