ohjausRNAn

OhjausRNAn, also known as small interfering RNA (siRNA), are short, double-stranded RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene regulation. They are endogenous components of a cell's defense mechanism against foreign RNA, such as viral RNA, and can also be exogenously introduced. The primary function of ohjausRNAn is to initiate RNA interference (RNAi), a process that leads to the silencing of specific genes.

The mechanism of RNAi begins when a double-stranded ohjausRNAn molecule is introduced into a cell or produced within it. This double-stranded RNA is then processed by an enzyme complex called Dicer, which cleaves it into shorter, single-stranded fragments of approximately 20-25 nucleotides. These single strands are then loaded into a larger protein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC).

Once incorporated into RISC, the ohjausRNAn acts as a guide molecule. It searches for and binds to complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. This binding event can lead to two main outcomes: either the mRNA is cleaved and degraded, preventing its translation into protein, or the RISC complex inhibits translation directly without degrading the mRNA. In either case, the result is a reduction in the expression of the targeted gene. This ability to selectively silence genes has made ohjausRNAn a valuable tool in molecular biology research and has opened up exciting possibilities for therapeutic applications.