néokeynésiennes

The term néokeynésiennes, or Neo-Keynesianism, refers to a school of economic thought that emerged in the mid-20th century, building upon the foundational ideas of John Maynard Keynes. Neo-Keynesians sought to reconcile Keynesian principles with the rigor of neoclassical microeconomics. Key figures associated with this school include John Hicks, Franco Modigliani, and James Tobin.

A central tenet of Neo-Keynesianism is the acceptance of the neoclassical framework, particularly the idea that individuals and firms make rational decisions. However, they retained Keynes's emphasis on the potential for market failures and the possibility of persistent unemployment. Neo-Keynesians explained these failures through concepts such as sticky wages and prices, imperfect information, and coordination failures.

Unlike earlier Keynesians, Neo-Keynesians were more interested in developing formal microeconomic foundations for macroeconomic phenomena. They used tools like general equilibrium theory to demonstrate how rigidities in wages and prices could lead to suboptimal outcomes, even in markets populated by optimizing agents. This approach allowed them to provide more rigorous justifications for government intervention, such as fiscal and monetary policies, to stabilize the economy and reduce unemployment. While influential, Neo-Keynesianism was later challenged and incorporated into the broader New Keynesian synthesis.