närvirakkudel

Närvirakkudel, also known as neurons, are the fundamental units of the nervous system. They are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body through electrical and chemical signals. These signals allow for functions such as thought, sensation, movement, and regulation of bodily processes.

Each neuron typically consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other essential organelles. Dendrites are branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons. The axon is a long projection that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The communication between neurons occurs at junctions called synapses. When an electrical signal reaches the end of an axon, it triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, thereby transmitting the signal.

Neurons are incredibly diverse in their structure and function, reflecting the complexity of the nervous system. They can be classified based on their shape, the direction of signal transmission, or the neurotransmitter they release. The intricate network of neurons forms the basis of all nervous system activity, from simple reflexes to complex cognitive processes. Damage to neurons can lead to various neurological disorders.