nyálképzdést

Nyálképződés, also known as salivation or salivary secretion, is the process by which saliva is produced and released in the mouth. This physiological function is primarily carried out by salivary glands, which are divided into major and minor glands. The major salivary glands include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, while the minor glands are scattered throughout the oral mucosa.

The production of saliva is a complex process regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches play roles, though the parasympathetic nervous system is the dominant stimulator of salivary secretion. Sensory input, such as the sight, smell, taste, or even thought of food, can trigger a reflex increase in salivation. Chewing (mastication) also stimulates saliva production through mechanical and chemical receptors in the mouth.

Saliva serves numerous essential functions. It moistens food, aiding in bolus formation and swallowing. Enzymes within saliva, such as amylase, begin the digestion of carbohydrates. Saliva also has protective roles, neutralizing acids produced by bacteria, washing away food particles, and containing antibacterial compounds that help maintain oral hygiene and prevent infections. Furthermore, saliva lubricates the tongue and oral tissues, facilitating speech. The composition of saliva can vary depending on the gland of origin and the level of stimulation, influencing its specific functions at any given time.