nozokomiální

Nozokomiální is a Czech adjective meaning nosocomial, which refers to infections acquired by patients during their stay in a hospital or other healthcare facility. These infections are also commonly known as hospital-acquired infections or healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). They can occur in any setting where healthcare is provided, including hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient clinics.

Nozokomiální infections are a significant concern in healthcare systems worldwide. They can lead to prolonged illness, increased healthcare costs, and in severe cases, death. The microorganisms responsible for these infections can be bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other pathogens. Transmission often occurs through direct contact between patients and healthcare workers, contaminated medical equipment, or airborne particles.

Common types of nozokomiální infections include urinary tract infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections. Factors that increase a patient's risk include a weakened immune system, prolonged hospitalization, invasive procedures such as catheterization or mechanical ventilation, and the presence of chronic diseases. Strict hygiene protocols, proper sterilization of equipment, and effective infection control measures are crucial in preventing the spread of nozokomiální infections. Continuous monitoring and surveillance are also important to identify and manage outbreaks.