novým

Novým is a grammatical form of the Czech and Slovak adjective nový, meaning "new." It is the instrumental singular form used with masculine and neuter nouns, typically in phrases that indicate means, manner, or accompaniment. For example, Přišel s novým autem means "He came with a new car," and novým způsobem can be translated as "in a new way."

Grammatical note: novým must agree with the noun in gender and number. When the noun is feminine, the instrumental singular form is novou, as in s novou knihou ("with a new book"). The form novým is thus part of a broader declension pattern for comparing adjectives in Czech and Slovak, where the ending changes with gender and case.

Etymology and cognates: novým derives from the Proto-Slavic adjective *novъ*, meaning "new." It has cognates across Slavic languages, such as Polish nowy, Russian novyy, and Slovene nov, all sharing the core meaning of new or recent.

Usage and considerations: novým is common in both everyday and formal language when describing recently produced, recently introduced, or recently encountered items or ideas. It remains a standard positive-degree form and is not used for comparative or superlative constructions on its own. In writing, it appears most often as part of noun phrases introduced by prepositions that require the instrumental case, such as s or bez.

See also: nová, nové, nový.