nonconductor

A nonconductor, also known as an electrical insulator, is a material that resists the flow of electric current. This resistance arises from the arrangement of electrons within the material. In nonconductors, electrons are tightly bound to their atoms and are not free to move throughout the material. This makes it difficult for an electric charge to pass through.

Common examples of nonconductors include rubber, glass, plastic, and ceramics. These materials are widely used in electrical applications to prevent short circuits and protect users from electric shock. For instance, the outer coating of electrical wires is typically made of plastic or rubber to insulate the conductive metal wire inside. Similarly, porcelain or ceramic insulators are used on high-voltage power lines to prevent electricity from grounding.

The property of being a nonconductor is crucial for the safe and effective operation of electrical devices and systems. The degree to which a material resists electrical current is quantified by its resistivity. High resistivity indicates a good nonconductor, while low resistivity indicates a conductor. The choice of nonconductor depends on factors such as the voltage to be insulated, temperature, and environmental conditions.