nonRiPP

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (nonRiPPs) are a class of natural products biosynthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs). Unlike ribosomal peptides, which are synthesized on ribosomes, nonRiPPs are assembled on NRPSs or PKSs, which are large multifunctional enzymes. These enzymes catalyze the stepwise addition of amino acids or other building blocks to form complex peptides or polyketides.

NonRiPPs are known for their diverse structures and biological activities. They can be linear or cyclic, and their structures can include a variety of amino acids, sugars, and other modifications. Some nonRiPPs are known to have antimicrobial, anticancer, and other bioactive properties.

The biosynthesis of nonRiPPs is a complex process that involves multiple enzymes and cofactors. The NRPSs or PKSs responsible for nonRiPP biosynthesis are often encoded by large gene clusters that include genes for the enzymes involved in the assembly of the peptide or polyketide, as well as genes for the transport and modification of the final product.

NonRiPPs have been the subject of extensive research due to their potential as new antibiotics and other therapeutic agents. However, the complex nature of their biosynthesis and the challenges associated with their production and purification have limited their development as drugs. Nonetheless, ongoing research in this area continues to uncover new nonRiPPs with promising biological activities.