nimimuodot

Nimimuodot, in Finnish grammar, are the inflectional forms of nouns. They represent the different shapes a noun can take to express grammatical meaning such as number, case, and possession. Nimimuodot are essential for indicating who or what performs an action, where something is, and how things relate to one another in a sentence. Finnish nouns inflect for number (singular or plural), for a range of cases that mark grammatical roles, and with possessive suffixes that indicate ownership.

The system is based on attaching suffixes to the noun stem. The specific nimimuodot a noun has depend on the noun’s stem class and phonological properties, such as vowel harmony and consonant gradation. In addition to the base form (often the nominative singular used as the dictionary entry), nouns take numerous endings to signal different grammatical relations. Possessive forms are formed with suffixes like -ni, -si, -nsa, which attach to the noun and reflect the possessor.

A concrete example is the noun talo (house). Nominative singular is talo; genitive singular talon; partitive singular taloa; inessive singular talossa; illative singular taloon; adessive singular talolla; allative singular talolle; ablative singular talolta; essive singular talona; translative singular taloksi. In plural, forms include talot (nominative plural), talojen (genitive plural), taloja (partitive plural), taloissa (inessive plural), taloihin (illative plural), taloilla (adessive plural), and so on. These nimimuodot allow precise expression of reference, quantity, and relation within sentences.

Some nouns show irregularities or consonant gradation and irregular vowel changes, so learners often need to memorize or practice specific declension patterns. Overall, nimimuodot provide the framework for Finnish noun syntax and meaning.