neurosekreterande

Neurosekreterande is a term used in biology and neuroscience to describe cells that are specialized for the synthesis and secretion of neurohormones. These are signaling molecules produced by neurons that are released into the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid, rather than acting directly on adjacent cells at synapses. Neurosecretory cells are therefore a crucial link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, allowing the brain to regulate bodily functions through hormonal signals.

These specialized neurons are found in various parts of the nervous system, notably in the hypothalamus of the brain. The hypothalamus, through its neurosecretory cells, produces a range of hormones that control essential physiological processes. For instance, neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus produce releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary gland. They also produce hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, which are then stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland.

The activity of neurosecretory cells is influenced by neuronal input, meaning they can respond to electrical and chemical signals from other neurons. This allows for rapid adjustments in hormone release based on the body's internal and external environment. When a neurosecretory cell is stimulated, it generates an action potential that travels to its axon terminal. This electrical signal triggers the release of neurohormones from vesicles into the circulation. These hormones then travel through the bloodstream to target organs, where they exert their specific effects, influencing everything from water balance and blood pressure to reproduction and social behavior.