neppropathie

Neppathie is not a standard term in most medical literature. Depending on language, it may be used erroneously for neuropathy (nerve disease) or nephropathy (kidney disease). This article describes peripheral neuropathy, a common nerve disorder.

Peripheral neuropathy refers to diseases of the peripheral nervous system, affecting sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. It can be focal or multifocal, or length-dependent (often starting in the feet).

Causes are diverse, including diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, alcohol use, vitamin deficiencies (notably B12), autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, toxins, hereditary neuropathies, and nerve injury. Pathophysiology varies: axonal degeneration, demyelination, or a combination.

Symptoms include numbness, tingling, burning or electric pains, muscle weakness, balance problems, and autonomic symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension or digestive issues, depending on affected fibers. Diagnosis combines clinical examination with nerve conduction studies/electromyography, blood tests to identify etiologies, imaging if needed, and sometimes skin punch biopsy for small fiber neuropathy.

Management targets the underlying cause when possible and symptomatic relief: optimizing glycemic control in diabetes, stopping neurotoxic substances, vitamin supplementation, and immunotherapies for autoimmune neuropathies. Symptomatic treatments include anticonvulsants (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin), antidepressants (duloxetine, amitriptyline), topical agents, and physical therapy. Prognosis varies by cause and extent of nerve injury. Prevention focuses on risk factor modification and early treatment of metabolic diseases.