neovascolarizzazione

Neovascolarizzazione, also known as angiogenesis, is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing ones. This process is crucial for growth and development, such as during embryonic development, wound healing, and the formation of granulation tissue. It also plays a significant role in various pathological conditions, including tumor growth and metastasis, as well as inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and age-related macular degeneration.

The process of neovascularization is tightly regulated by a balance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. Key signaling molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promote the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, the building blocks of blood vessels. These endothelial cells then sprout from existing vessels, forming new capillary tubes that can eventually connect to form a functional vascular network. Endothelial cells also recruit pericytes, which provide structural support and maturation to the newly formed vessels.

In disease states, the dysregulation of angiogenesis can lead to detrimental outcomes. For instance, tumors require a robust blood supply to grow beyond a certain size and to metastasize to distant sites. Anti-angiogenic therapies, which aim to inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, have emerged as an important strategy in cancer treatment. Conversely, promoting angiogenesis is being explored for therapeutic purposes in conditions characterized by insufficient blood flow, such as ischemic heart disease and peripheral artery disease. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of neovascularization is therefore essential for developing effective treatments for a wide range of medical conditions.