neoflavonoids

Neoflavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites that are structurally related to flavonoids. They are characterized by a 15-carbon skeleton, which is derived from three units of malonyl-CoA and one unit of 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP). Neoflavonoids are biosynthesized through the shikimate pathway, similar to flavonoids, but they undergo a different series of reactions to form their unique structure.

Neoflavonoids are found in a variety of plants, including legumes, grasses, and some flowering plants. They are known for their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Some neoflavonoids have also been shown to have potential in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

The most well-known neoflavonoids include saponins, which are triterpenoid glycosides found in many plants, and iridoids, which are a diverse group of compounds found in a wide range of plants. Other examples of neoflavonoids include the anthraquinones, which are found in plants such as rhubarb and buckwheat, and the stilbenes, which are found in plants such as grapes and peanuts.

Neoflavonoids are of significant interest to researchers due to their potential health benefits and their role in plant defense mechanisms. However, more research is needed to fully understand their biological activities and to develop them as therapeutic agents.