neobabylonischen

Neo-Babylonian refers to a period in Mesopotamian history that marks the resurgence and prominence of Babylon as a major cultural, political, and military power from approximately 626 BC to 539 BC. This era is also known as the Chaldean Dynasty or the Second Babylonian Empire. It followed the decline of Assyrian dominance and was characterized by significant advancements in architecture, science, and literature.

The Neo-Babylonian period began with the rise of Nabopolassar, who established independence from Assyria and laid the foundation for Babylon's dominance. His son, Nebuchadnezzar II (reigned 605–562 BC), expanded the empire to include much of the Near East, including Judea, Egypt, and parts of Anatolia. Nebuchadnezzar II is renowned for his extensive building projects, such as the reconstruction of Babylon, the legendary Hanging Gardens (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World), and impressive city walls.

Culturally, the Neo-Babylonian era saw a revival of classical Mesopotamian religion, art, and scholarship. It was also a period of significant scholarly activity, with the compilation of astronomical, mathematical, and literary texts. The period ended with the Persian conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great in 539 BC, which marked the beginning of Persian dominance over the region.

The Neo-Babylonian legacy greatly influenced subsequent cultures and contributed to the rich tapestry of Mesopotamian civilization. Its achievements in architecture, governance, and science remain notable in the history of ancient Near Eastern civilizations.