negációja

Negációja is a Hungarian term that functions as the possessive form of negáció, meaning “the negation of something.” In a broader sense, the phrase is used to refer to the concept of negation itself as a linguistic, logical, or philosophical operation, and it can denote the negation of a particular proposition, statement, or claim.

In logic, negáció (the negation operator) is a unary logical operation that inverts the truth value of a proposition. If a proposition p is true, its negáció ¬p is false, and vice versa. Classical logic accepts laws such as double negation ¬¬p ≡ p and De Morgan’s laws: ¬(p ∧ q) ≡ ¬p ∨ ¬q and ¬(p ∨ q) ≡ ¬p ∧ ¬q. The negation forms the basis of more complex systems, including predicate logic and boolean algebra, where it interacts with quantifiers and connectives to express denial, contradiction, or refutation.

In linguistics, negation refers to the grammatical and lexical means by which a statement is denied or contradicted. Most languages employ a negation marker or particle (such as nem in Hungarian) to negate a verb or predicate. The scope of negation, its interaction with tense, aspect, and mood, and the placement of negation markers can affect the meaning and emphasis of a sentence. Negation also interacts with negation of quantifiers and polarity items, shaping how claims are asserted or denied.

In philosophy and epistemology, negation is analyzed as a fundamental mode of denying or contradicting a proposition, with attention to its logical form, consequences for truth, and role in argumentative reasoning.

See also: negation, De Morgan’s laws, double negation, negation in natural language.