nefrotossiche

Nefrotossiche refers to substances that are toxic to the kidneys. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood, as well as regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. When the kidneys are exposed to a nephrotoxic agent, their function can be impaired, leading to a range of kidney damage, from mild and reversible to severe and permanent.

Various factors can contribute to nephrotoxicity, including certain medications, environmental toxins, and some natural compounds. Common culprits include some antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), contrast dyes used in medical imaging, heavy metals like lead and mercury, and certain pesticides. The severity of kidney damage often depends on the dose of the nephrotoxic substance, the duration of exposure, and the individual's underlying kidney health.

Symptoms of nephrotoxicity can vary and may include changes in urination frequency or volume, swelling in the legs and ankles, fatigue, nausea, and loss of appetite. In more severe cases, acute kidney injury can occur, characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function. Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and identify potential causes. Treatment focuses on removing the offending agent, managing symptoms, and supporting kidney function through supportive care, which may include dialysis in cases of severe kidney failure. Prevention strategies often involve careful monitoring of kidney function in patients taking medications known to be nephrotoxic and avoiding unnecessary exposure to environmental toxins.