nefrotických

Nephrotic is a term of Czech origin, derived from the Greek word "nephros," meaning kidney. In medical contexts, it refers to a specific syndrome characterized by a collection of symptoms related to kidney dysfunction, primarily protein loss in the urine. The hallmark of nephrotic syndrome is heavy proteinuria, which is the presence of abnormally large amounts of protein in the urine. This protein loss leads to several other clinical manifestations.

A key consequence of excessive protein loss is hypoalbuminemia, a low level of albumin, a major protein in the blood, in the bloodstream. This reduction in blood protein contributes to edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in the body's tissues, often causing swelling in the legs, ankles, face, and abdomen. Another common feature is hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol and other lipids in the blood. Some individuals with nephrotic syndrome may also experience an increased risk of blood clots, known as thrombosis.

Nephrotic syndrome is not a disease itself but rather a clinical presentation that can arise from various underlying kidney diseases, such as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Diagnosis typically involves urine and blood tests, and further investigations may be needed to identify the specific cause. Treatment strategies are aimed at managing the underlying kidney disease, reducing proteinuria, controlling edema, and preventing complications.