nefrotóxica

Nephrotoxic refers to a substance or agent that is poisonous or damaging to the kidneys. These agents can cause harm to the renal tubules, glomeruli, or interstitial tissue, leading to impaired kidney function. The term originates from the Greek words "nephros" meaning kidney and "toxikon" meaning poison.

Exposure to nephrotoxic substances can occur through various routes, including ingestion, inhalation, or direct contact. Common examples of nephrotoxic agents include certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics like aminoglycosides, and chemotherapy drugs. Other nephrotoxins include heavy metals like lead and mercury, as well as industrial solvents and certain natural toxins found in some plants and animals.

The effects of nephrotoxicity can range from mild, reversible damage to severe, irreversible kidney failure. Symptoms may include changes in urine output, swelling in the legs and ankles, fatigue, and nausea. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to assess kidney function (e.g., creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels) and urine tests to detect abnormalities.

Preventing nephrotoxicity involves minimizing exposure to known toxins, using medications cautiously and under medical supervision, and maintaining adequate hydration. In cases of poisoning, treatment focuses on removing the offending agent, supportive care to maintain kidney function, and potentially dialysis if kidney function is severely compromised.