naturajn

Naturajn is an Esperanto adjective form meaning “natural” when it describes a plural noun in the accusative case. It is the plural accusative form of the adjective natura (the base form natur- in Esperanto). In Esperanto, adjectives agree with the nouns they modify in number, and the accusative case is marked by the suffix -n. When the noun phrase is plural and in the accusative, the ending -j (for plural) combined with -n (for accusative) yields -ajn: naturajn.

How it is used: naturajn describes something perceived or acted upon as natural and is placed before the noun it modifies, with the entire phrase in the accusative if the sentence requires it. For example, in a sentence with a direct object, you would say naturajn formojn (natural forms), naturajn procezojn (natural processes), or naturajn fenomenojn (natural phenomena).

Examples:

- Mi vidas naturajn formojn. (I see natural forms.)

- La studo esploras naturajn procezojn. (The study analyzes natural processes.)

- Ni observas naturajn fenomenojn en la naturo. (We observe natural phenomena in nature.) The last example uses a nominative noun phrase, but the adjective would be naturaj or naturajn depending on whether the noun is in nominative or accusative.

Etymology and related forms: naturajn derives from the root natur- connected to the Esperanto adjective natura, which traces to the concept of nature. Related forms include naturaj (plural nominative), natura (base feminine/masculine form), and naturo (nature as a noun). The article highlights how Esperanto grammar uses -j for plural, -n for accusative, and -a in the adjective ending to indicate natural attributes.

See also: naturo, natura, naturala, naturaj.

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