narzdnikowe

Narzędnikowe is a term used in Polish grammar to describe a set of forms and constructions that express means or instrument in the instrumental case. In standard spelling the form is narzędnikowe; in non-diacritic text it appears as narzdnikowe. The concept is employed in some grammars and linguistic discussions to distinguish instrumental-use forms from other case functions.

Etymology and scope: The word derives from narzędnik (the instrumental case) with the suffix -owe, forming an adjective-like label that can refer to categories of words, forms, or expressions functioning with instrumental meaning. While not universally adopted as a formal category in all grammars, narzędnikowe is used to discuss patterns where the instrumental meaning is central, such as instruments, means of action, or manners of performing an act.

Usage and subtypes: Narzędnikowe usage typically covers two main areas. First, nominal and pronominal forms that designate an instrument or means, e.g., phrases like piszę długopisem (I write with a pen). Second, adjectives or participial phrases that describe means or tools connected with the action, often within descriptive or typological analyses. The label helps linguists compare instrumental expressions across dialects or languages.

Examples: Typical narzędnikowe constructions include instrumental forms like długopisem, nożyczkami, or sekretem (with a pen, with scissors, with a secret). In context, these forms indicate the instrument used to perform an action.

See also: Polish grammar, instrumental case, case government, morphosyntax, language typology.